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Bridge Cover
How to prevent thermal bridging
Thermal bridging is the name given to the flow of heat through your home from one object to another. Wood and other traditional construction materials can conduct heat easily, and this means that despite having insulation in place, heat can still escape via objects or materials in the home. This is far from ideal as it means efforts to contain the heat through insulation are wasted. That is not to say the problem wouldn't be worse without any insulation in place at all, but the effectiveness is certainly compromised by thermal bridging.
There are some measures that can be taken, and more often than not new build houses have these included in their design as standard. Having effective cavity walls with a layer of insulation will reduce this problem, as will fitting good quality, well insulated windows made from uPVC. By using cavity closures around the window frames and door frames in particular is a big help in insulating the home and reducing the occurrence and effect of thermal bridging.
Many older homes do not have such features however. For homes that are a little older, fitting insulation into the walls isn't very practical and will be costly too, however insulating the roof well is a step that can be taken. This is a must for anyone wishing to get their electricity bills down by retaining as much heat as possible in the house. When laying insulation in the attic, an important part is covering the joists of the ceiling with a thick layer of insulation as this is a thermal bridging hotspot. Every cavity should also be covered well too. A common mistake with attic insulation is to only go as far as the framing of the ceilings, leaving the frames themselves exposed. This will easily enable heat to transfer to the frames and ultimately disappear into the ether. Although the frames of the roof cannot be covered, the joists certainly can and this is extremely important too.
There are some other tricks that people with older homes can employ to help keep in the heat. Thermal paint is becoming quite commonplace - give your home a lick of specialist paint and you could help reduce thermal bridging and keep the heat in. Any exterior electrical outlets can have a specially designed thermal pad placed behind them. Electrical outlets are big offenders when it comes to letting heat escape so you can reduce the problem with some insulating placed between them and the walls of the house. You could even do as the Normans once did and hang tapestries on your walls. They did this in their castles to retain heat and I'm sure they wouldn't have bothered if it didn't work!
The windows and doors in the home are possibly the number one hotspot for thermal bridging. Aluminum frames in particular will let heat through easily as will single panes of glass. Replacing any windows and doors in your home with uPVC windows that are thermally insulated will effectively help heat stay in your house. As well as keeping your fuel bills down, uPVC is an environmentally friendly material because it is 100% recyclable and extremely long lasting. You won't need to replace your uPVC windows for decades.
thermal bridging can be a big problem in homes, especially older ones that are less likely to be fitted with cavity walls and the very best insulation. In order to reduce the problem of heat lost caused by this phenomenon there are some things you can do. Removing old windows and fitting uPVC windows in their place is one effective trick. Around the window a cavity closure goes even further to prevent heat from escaping through and around the windows. Insulating the roof is another important step too.
About the Author
Chris Coxon writes articles for Cavalok, the only BBA accredited manufacturer in the UK offering cavity closure systems made entirely from post consumer recycled PVC-U. Cavity closers from Cavalok are the definitive solution to thermal bridging and are compliant to the superior ECDs promoted by the Energy Saving Trust. Do not forget to include Cavalok products for maximum insulation, safety and reliability the next time you are fitting upvc windows
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what is the best way to floss a dental bridge?
i have a temporary dental bridge covering 2 missing teeth and capping 2 teeth on the right side and i will be getting one on the left side next week. what is the best way to floss it? i have been using oral b superfloss with a threader on one end with spongy floss and the rest is regular floss and i thread it through and pull it all the way through. is that the way to do it or should i move the floss under the bridge along the gumline?
BridgeAid and Glide Threader Floss are just two of the many you can choose from although if your unsure which one to use , ask your pharmacist who'll be able to give you their recommendations.
Bridge Cover
Bowling For Soup - London Bridge by Fergie
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Photographing the Bridges of Paris, France
Within Paris there are 37 bridges over the Seine River, many with interesting architectural features and most with an interesting history. The bulk of these are in the central tourism area between the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral, one of the most photogenic areas of Paris, likely one of the most photogenic cities in the world!
Perhaps the best way to see and photograph the bridges of Paris is from the Seine River itself. Countless river cruises will take you through the main portion of the Seine, often while sipping on wine and eating good food. I don't recommend this food and wine habit for photography however as you will get little in the way of photographs. Save that for a later time; it's one of the reasons to be in Paris in the first place! Most of the large boats leave form the vicinity of the Eiffel Tower and these boats are "huge" carrying upwards of 300 passengers or more. For photography my preference is the smaller boats leaving from Pont Neuf that carry fewer people and don't serve food. Get to the cruise terminal early and try to get a seat at the front of the boat for the best views. The evening light is stunning so attempt to be on one of the last river trips before sunset, this is a very photogenic time to be on the river.
Don't neglect to photograph the bridges from land as well. Many are popular with musicians and artists while others have small cubbyholes for lovers to watch the Paris skyline unfold in front of them and well, be lovers. The Seine River has a constant supply of commercial boat traffic of interest while the river dinner cruises and site seeing tours pass underneath the bridges as well. This is a fascinating way to see how Paris works and a great perspective for photographs.
The bridges span about 200 years of architectural styles from simple pedestrian bridges to ornate sculptural masterpieces. Every bridge is different, one of the exciting reasons to spend time on the Seine River.
While I wont cover most of the bridges in this article I'll touch on a few of my favourite and most photogenic of the Paris bridges.
Pont Alexandre III is an arch bridge ornamented with fine sculptural work that many consider to be one of the most beautiful in Paris. The bridge connects the Champs-Elysees quarter and the Invalides and Eiffel Tower quarter, well worth the time to spend walking over between these two landmarks. Much of the detail work can only be seen from the river so viewing Pont Alexandre III from this vantage point is worth the river trips in itself. Pont Alexandre III was built between 1896 and 1900.
Pont des Arts or Passerelle des Arts is a pedestrian bridge in Paris which crosses the Seine River. It links the Institut de France and the central square (cour carree) of the palais du Louvre. The original bridge was built between 1802 and 1804 and was the first metal bridge in Paris. After a somewhat rough history including damage during the two world wars and a barge collision in 1979 the bridge was dismantled. The present bridge was built between 1981 and 1984. Today the bridge is frequented by artists and musicians and is a popular place for picnics and to watch the barges plying the Seine.
The newest bridge in this area of Paris is the passerelle Leopold-Sedar-Senghor, formerly known as passerelle Solferino (or pont de Solferino) linking the Musee d'Orsay and the Jardin des Tuileries (Tuileries Gardens). The bridge was built between 1997 and 1999. This bridge crosses the Seine with as single span and is very photogenic with its' unique architecture. An interesting note is the use of Tabebuias, a Brazilian tree that was used to cover the bridge.
One can't spend every minute in Paris doing photography however as there are so many other interesting things to do. A highlight of any time in Paris for me has always been joining the locals on the banks of the Seine and watching the world float by; dining on fine cheese with a baguette and a bottle of French wine while soaking up the sun. It really doesn't get any better than this!
About the Author
Are you interested in learning photography? Free demo The 123 of Digital Imaging Suite
Kevin Oke is a professional nature and travel photographer with over 30 years experience. When not travelling he writes on his blogs, Nature Travel Photography and Kevin Oke Photography. Kevin is available to answer questions about photography on his Photography forum.
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