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The Blood Lipid Regulation Study of Pine Nut Oil
Pine nut oil contains a variety of physiologically active substances, such as vitamin A, vitamin E and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, sterols, polysaccharides, flavonoids, etc., are used for edible or functional foods. In this experiment, Wistar aged rats are the research object, the high-fat animal model is established while the experiment of blood lipids regulation are carried out.The impact on serum TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, BG and weight change in aged rats are observed to determine the lipid regulation of pine nut oil.
1 Materials and methods
1.1 Pine nut oil, cholesterol, pig bile salt, AR, lard.
1.2 Animals: health, clean 60 22-month-old Wistar rats(half male,half female).
1.3 Reagents: glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol assay kit.
1.4 Main instruments: HITACHI 7020 automatic biochemical analyzer, 752 spectrophotometer.
1.5 Experimental Methods: 22 month-old Wistar rats are randomly divided into 5 groups(half male,half female).One blank control group and one high fat control group are set up, blank control group feeds basic diet, high fat control group feeds high fat diet (90% of the basic diet, 1% cholesterol, 8.8% lard, 0.2% pig bile salt); setup another 3 groups for pine nut oil intake, the projected pine nut oil doses of each treatment group are 2.0g/kg.d, 4.0g/kg.d and 8.0g/kg.d according to recommended intake of fat at the elderly (0.8g/kg.d), the 3 groups are continuously fed for 8 weeks and free access to water. The anal blood is taken, centrifuged and serum obtained at the 5th week.lipid (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, BG) and blood glucose (TG) levels are determined according to the kit instruction, the average weight of each group is measured once a week. Experimental data is expressed as average ± standard deviation, statistics are analysed with spss 11.0 (single factor, LSD method).
2 Result
2.1 The impact of pine nut oil on (male) rat blood glucose
Table 1 The impact of pine nut oil on (male) rat blood glucose
blank control group high fat control group 2.0g/kg.d 4.0g/kg.d 8.0g/kg.d
4.32±1.33 5.21±1.24 4.73±1.50 4.32±0.64 5.89±1.33a
Note: a refers to the comparison with the middle dose group, a﹤0.05.
Table 1 shows that the BG content of low dose group and middle dose group tends to decrease compared with the high fat control group, the middle dose group is below the level of the blank control group, but the high dose group increases,the difference is not significant compared with the high-fat control group (P＞0.05), but the difference compared with the middle dose group is significantly (P﹤0.05).
2.2 The impact of pine nut oil on (female) rat blood glucose
Table 2 The impact of pine nut oil on (female) rat blood glucose
dosage group TC TG HDL-C LDL-C
blank control group 1.73±0.18 0.81±0.23 0.86±0.05 0.40±0.10
high fat control group 2.54±0.70a 0.91±0.44 0.76±0.17 0.52±0.15
2.0g/kg.d 2.73±0.59aa 0.66±0.10 0.77±0.18 0.48±0.17
4.0g/kg.d 2.52±0.48a 0.62±0.07b 0.75±0.20 0.68±0.29a
8.0g/kg.d 2.78±0.39aa 0.74±0.17 0.67±0.23 0.78±0.13aa/b
Note: a refers to the comparison with the blank control group, a＜0.05,aa﹤0.01; b refers to the comparison with high fat control group, b＜0.05.
Table 2 shows the level of serum TG, TC, LDL-C of the high fat control group is higher than the control group, and the HDL-C level is lower than normal, but only the difference in TC is statistically significant (P＜0.05). Compared with the high fat control group, the serum TC, HDL-C levels of pine nut oil dosage groups are not significantly different, while the middle dose group is significantly lowered in TG level (P＜0.05); LDL-C shows increasing trend, especially in the high-dose group(P＜0.05).
2.3 The impact of pine nut oil on the weight of rats
4-week fed rats in good condition, smooth coat, eating stable, steady weight during the experiment, no obvious abnormalities, non natural death.
2.3.1 The impact of pine nut oil on the weight of rats(male), see table 3
table 3 The impact of pine nut oil on the weight of rats(male)
dose group animal number average body weight(g) weight gain(g)
before experiment after experiment
blank control group 6 526.67 546.00 19.33
high fat control group 6 495.00 540.00 45.00
2.0g/kg.d 6 505.00 546.67 41.67
4.0g/kg.d 6 508.33 523.33 15.00a
8.0g/kg.d 6 511.67 521.67 10.00aa
Note: a refers to the comparison to high fat control group,a＜0.05,aa＜0.01.
Table 3 shows the high fat control group increased more than the blank control group in weight gain;the weight gain of middle dosage group and high dosage group are obviously lower than the high fat control group; there is not significant difference between the low dosage control group and high fat control group.
2.3.2
The impact of pine nut oil on rat body weight, see table 4
table 4 the impact of pine nut oil on female rat body weight
dose group animal number average body weight(g) weight gain(g)
before experiment after experiment
blank control group 6 270.00 291.67 21.67
high fat control group 6 296.00 330.00 33.33
2.0g/kg.d 6 295.00 324.00 29.00
4.0g/kg.d 6 296.67 312.00 15.33a
8.0g/kg.d 6 298.33 306.00 7.67aa
Note: a refers to the comparison with high fat control group,a＜0.05,aa＜0.01.
Table 4 shows, the high fat group is significantly greater than blank control group in weight gain; the middle dose group and high dose group are significantly lower than high fat control group and lower than the blank control group.Thus, the weight gain in female rats in each group are relatively flat, and the weight increase in female rats is smaller than male rats.
3. Conclusion and discussion
Hyperlipidemia is an factor in coronary artery disease, the levels of serum TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C are the main indicators of lipid metabolism in the body. Lowering serum TG and TC level is an important measure for prevention of atherosclerosis. With experimental data obtained: the weight gain can be controlled in aged rats by feeding high dosage pine nut oil. Pine nut oil contains polyunsaturated fatty acids up to 90%,the serum TG level is significantly lowered in high blood lipid rats(P＜0.05) but the level of serum TC is not significantly improved(P＞0.05); The group of pine nut oil dosage groups have no obvious difference in serum HDL-C compared with the high fat control group, blood sugar decreases and no significant difference between the groups (P＞0.05), while the high dose group increased a lot in blood glucose compared with the middle dose group(P＜0.05), but 8.0g/kg.d dose group has higher value of LDL-C compared with the high fat group (P＜0.05).
About the Author
Last night I played a blank tape at full blast. The mime next door went nuts. What do you think?
hahahaha i love it you should be a comidian
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Discover the Secrets of catching Big Carp
As a carp angler of over thirty years standing…yes even after all these years I’m still addicted to this great sport of ours! In my day there was very little in the way of carp fishing books and information, it was the days when most carp anglers were very secretive, keeping them self’s to them self’s…especially the more experienced carp fishermen.
Though there were some good points in those days…that are a total rarity today…less crowded banks! It was nice turning up at your lake knowing full well you could get any swim you wanted, even if it had an float angler in it, as he was sure to pack up before dusk. This is unbelievable to the present day Carp angler.
The methods and baits that were used in those days were pretty primitive compared to the terminal rigs of today and not to mention the wonderful discoveries of bait ingredients, flavours and additives of today.
Maybe that’s why it was so difficult in those days…
But back then once a general angler decided to progress to carp angler he never gave up, unlike the beginning carp anglers of today, judging by my local waters…
You only have to have a quick glance in the fishing weekly’s classified sections or ebay and you will see tons of near new carp fishing gear being sold off…I dare say that the majority of this gear is being sold by newbie carp anglers, who say carp fishing is really too difficult…
Why do most novice carp anglers struggle?
I believe that most new or beginning carp anglers, I’m sorry to say…are very narrow minded and stereotyped, this isn’t to say I think it’s entirely their fault, no far from it. My observations and from chatting to newbie carp anglers show that they are swayed by everything they read in the monthly ‘carp’ magazines. They read so and so are catching on the latest ‘Boilies’ so they rush out to buy a few kilos…Only to find they still fail to catch!
And this is a case in point, why do most newbie carp anglers think of only using boilies as bait, when there are plenty of equally if not better baits to use…So I suppose in a way we can put some of the blame on the carp fishing media for portraying this stereotyped way of thinking…Success equals the latest super duper matching carp rods that you can cast out for a mile and a bag of boilies!
After a long succession of blanks the novice carp angler is convinced that the carp has hereditary intelligence, as found in human beings.
This of course is untrue. However, it is true that it gains from experience, a form of education.
To return to the intelligence of the carp, some appear to have larger brains than others just as in human beings, which mean that certain individuals learn quicker than others.
Successful big carp fishing is about understanding the fish and its environment, NOT the latest bait or fancy rig seen in a glossy carp publication, the angler must also remember the older the carp the greater its knowledge. My observations have shown anglers who have a definite won’t budge type attitude tend Not to be as Successful as those with a flexible easy going open mind attitude. Confidence in your approach, tackle and preparation give the success orientated angler the correct attitude.
Too Your Success, Good Luck and Tight Lines…
About the Author
Dennis R. Black…A Keen Carp Angler with over 30 years experience.
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www.carp-fishing-techniques.co.uk
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